![]() ![]() The reason astronomers can tell how far the light gets shifted is because chemical elements, like hydrogen and oxygen, have unique fingerprints of light that no other element has. This is where red shift got its name, since the colours are shifted towards the red end of the spectrum. A star or galaxy moving away from us will look more red than it would if the source were not moving in our frame of reference. An object, like a star or a galaxy that is far away and moving toward us, will look more blue than it normally does. The same happens with light when an object that emits light moves very fast. As you fill, the sound of the filling gets higher and higher, for the same reason that the noise the train makes gets higher as it gets closer to you. ![]() This is also the same as filling a water bottle under a tap. As the train speeds away, the sound gets stretched out, and sounds lower in tone. As the train moves towards a person, the sound it makes as it comes towards them sounds like it has a higher tone, since the frequency of the sound is squeezed together a little bit. The easiest way to experience the Doppler effect is to listen to a moving train. The red shift is one example of the Doppler effect. Red shift is a method astronomers use to tell the speed of any object that is very far away in the Universe. As you can see, all the lines shift towards the red end of the spectrum due to red shift. On the left is a ray of light from the Sun, and on the right one from a far off galaxy. ![]()
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